This article is a series of history history that focuses on insufficient representativeness. This series is researched and written by the craft archives researcher in 2024, and cooperates with the Craft Center.
What is infectious and unlimited is that this kind of laughter is full of joy, which makes a short vision show the vision of a little girl who is not affordable by life. I almost always forgot the content of this joke, so I saw her tickle when she twisted her red rainbow -like peach blossom heart wood armchair. When she tried to reach a breath, she retreated back and forth, grabbing her belly, all 32 exhibitions-a rare, full of vitality and beauty. There is almost nothing to give me the joy that I bring Jolannu Then he tripped his feet.
“Jonkonnu A is here … Jonkonnu A is here!” She whispered my aunt who whispered loudly in a comprehensive repeat of my aunt who was scared in the door of the makeup dance when they announced that the severe parade of this makeup ball quickly approached their doorstep. My aunt often has this rewriting, which is shameful and entertaining. She will fight for her smile, but it is difficult to resist humor. Once the air of entertainment becomes thin, my aunt will say hard: “Mi is still like DEM.”
The Jacon Nu parade is essentially rural experience. As the shelter of Yaocheng City, my only contact with this custom was through this story until I was about 20 years old. But in December 2013, at the Christmas Expo held in Kingson, I finally met the black man of my aunt. Behind the desperate guardians, I desperately looking for the scream of shelter, the scene of crying and running was what I saw next:, tilted forward with the sinister happy choir. The mysterious person with Jonkonnu was a world of complex history, resisting and survival strategies. These numbers are not only a symbol of Christmas festivals. They are the people’s toughness and self -affirmation echoes, and generations have passed on to people.
Mask, myth, legend
The origin of Jolannu is still shrouded in mystery. Some people attribute their names to John Conney, a famous cabocero (Chief) Tres Puntas on Axim on the Coast of Guinea. Conney, a successful gold coast merchant, ruled the three Brandonburg trading forts on the coast of Ghana today. By 1724, the Dutch controlled his official residence and a great Frederix Castle. Despite being displaced, Connie is still celebrating in the story of Africans who have been slavered across the Atlantic Ocean.
However, from John Conney to Jonkonnu’s voice transformation (or John Canoe, Junkanoo, John Kuner, etc. The same) still debate. Some scholars, such as Richard AllSopp, proposed the connection with the word “Jonkoliko” with the word “Jonkoliko”, which refers to a person who was promoted to humor or shame. This link is convincing, especially the visual similarities between the Jonkonnu mask and the annual Jousuba dance.
Despite the origin of the origin, Jolannu’s cultural significance is still far -reaching. Artist Marie Kellier believes that Jonkonnu has two faces: joy and resistance. I dare to say that there is a third face-accommodation. This is a continuous transmission process and conditions to adapt to changing society, politics and cultural environment. This joy, accommodation and resistance provides a shot, can be understood by it to understand the persistence correlation of Ge Gennu in geographical and time.
Jonkonnu has three faces: joy, accommodation, resistance
The historian Elizabeth Fenn entitled “‘Perfect Equality” in 1988 in the paper: “Perfect Equality”: Slave Society and Jonkonnu, “” “” Properly described the practice of Jonkonnu or “John Kuneering” similar to release of steam valves: the owner of the plantation allows only one day of being slavered in the year of observing Christmas and New Year to celebrate marriage, birth and birth and birth and birth. Freedom of new marriage; mourning death; or just to completely give up anxiety.
In Bahamas, Jonkonnu was celebrated JunkanooThis is a vibrant carnival, reflecting the fun of collective identity. The gorgeous clothing and vibrant dance of the festival show the common historical expression. This history has changed and adapted to the integration of West Africa’s dance and European celebrations.
On the other hand, in Jamaica, Janenu’s practice is more contradictory, because it has both assimilation tools and a subtle criticism of colonial authority. On the one hand, performers wear exquisite Regaria inspired by European aesthetics, trying to project a sense of dignity that can be comparable to colonists. These clothing, as well as their gorgeous decorations and rich patterns, are designed to display exquisite and human strategic choices, challenging the non -human stereotypes applied to the slavery population. By adopting the symbol of the colonists’ own reputation, the acting and release performers try to improve their status and claim to be visible in the purpose of excluding their social structure.
On the other hand, Jonkonnu plays a form of satirical imitation of animals and weird elements, and shifted his eyes to the colonists. Through exaggerated performances and beast-like masks, the makeup ball reflects the brutal behavior of the colonists-the British failed to recognize the condemnation, and regarded it as the “exotic” or “primitive” African wonder. As Jonkonnu’s embrace of British folk legends is not only a yield, but also a complex interaction of Jonkonnu, as Jonkonnu, where is the slavery People use the symbol of oppressors to survive and resist.
The evolution of Jonna’s new Berne in North Carolina revealed how his original face (joy and resistance) turned into a softer and more regulatory form, showing his third face: accommodation. At the end of the 19th and early 20th century, Jonkonnu became a battlefield that advocates cultural and political forces. Under the control of officials such as the mayor of SH Sh Fishblate, the annual performances are adjusted, including and sometimes completely banned, which reflects a wider strategy to suppress the expression of black culture and advocate white advantages. This struggle left its own mark on the modern version of Jonkonnu. This version is now “disinfected” a tourist attraction of Tryon Palace.
The two main characteristics of this new form of Jonkonnu, the fantasy people and Ragman reflect the exquisite and degradation method of the ethnicization, provide a delicious scene, make the traditional disruptability and The resistance is deeper. Through these numbers, the conditions for shaping Qiao Kangnu’s original expression have become ironic, and the strong performance of self is re -developed into the control of public consumption. However, some people try to re -introduce the elements of the agent. Since 1999, SHARON C. Bryant, a retired African -American exterior coordinator. Real form.
These different iterations of Jonkonnu reflect the common impulse of negotiation power and identity in environmental environment in rule and resistance. Any attempt to point out that Jolannu’s origin may be reducing the nature of a strange narrative. Instead, Jonna must be understood as a complex craftsmanship and cultural performance, reflecting the subtle difference of the black life of the entire diaspora.
Broken Follow: Resistance
Jonkonnu clothing proves the creativity and creativity of its practitioners. From the dark spots to the exaggerated form of tattered to the abdomen woman, these clothing is not just decorations. These clothing is made of any available materials, including rags, animal leather, paper, and found objects. These clothes make themselves in turn. This “Laobu Festival” not only pays tribute to the wisdom born out of scarcity, but also a deliberate reversal of the etiquette and order of colonial expectations.
These clothing is likely to have the elements of hip -hop music and Black Runer fashion culture through their bold and evocative styles, because it can be seen in the Durag Fest in Charlotan, North Carolina. Oppose to Jonkonnu’s layoffs. This year’s summer season is a celebration of black hair culture and style. It subverts Durag’s stereotypes. As a symbol of crime, it uses it as a symbol of cultural pride and creative expression. Like Jonkonnu, the Durag festival is also a space that black people can use fashion as a kind of resistance and self -affirmation to advocate their identity.
The mask implemented in activities such as Jonkonnu and Durag Fest is not just hiding their identity. This is a boundary about changing self, reflecting new characters, and visible and invisible navigation. This is a way of living in the past, present and future reality.
Cover the handicraft and practice as a reflection
The cover is Waymaking. This is a craftsmanship that interweaves the body and memory, spirit and material. American theater historian and scholar Joseph Roach in the publication of 1996 The city of the deceased: Atlantic performance,,,,,, It is believed that a body with social memory (may be called “spirit”) is a body that restores a sense of self -control. In terms of legal terms, this is almost similar to having the language used by themselves, responding to the language used by Anglo -American, and advocating the so -called unprofitable rights.
As a citizen who transformed into a citizen of a black Ruier non -teeth, I became my own journey similar to my geographical immigrant. This made me interact in depth in my various ways and practiced to cover up my behavior. Just like the Indians of the Carnival, their dancing is to recover the memory of the ancestors and resist the only scene. I am curious about how Jonkonnu may cross -sex with the black people. Wonder and Denign. This complexity makes Jonkonnu sacred: this is not only a festival, but also a lively file of a round black life. It can only be vivid through those who are willing to retain it.
Jonkonnu’s power is that it refuses to binary and static, constantly developing its environment. Whether it is a dance party in Jamaica, the Jakno parade in Bahamas, or the regulatory performance of North Carolina, it proves the toughness, creativity and resistance of black people. Jonkonnu reflects the struggle to fight for definition and liberation with the core. Through the interaction of joy, accommodation and resistance, it boldly declare: “We will be seen. We will be heard. We are here.”
